Encyclopedia of Middle Earth

From time to time, I stumble across websites that I’m certain other fantasy readers (and writers) will enjoy. One of these is The Encyclopedia of Arda, dedicated to everything Tolkien. The site is still in development (after all there’s a lot of material to incorporate), but already it has quite a bit to offer.

As the name suggests, the site offers an encyclopedia encompassing Middle Earth’s people, races, animals, plants, songs, symbols, foods, and more. It also shares maps, genealogies, and illustrations, plus some additional features that are just plain fun, like an interactive calendar that will tell you what any given day of our year is in The Shire Calendar, The Steward’s Reckoning, Reckoning of Rivendell, and others.

Be sure to also check out the FAQ section, where you can find answers to questions such as “Where can I learn to speak Elvish, or find an Elvish dictionary?” and “What types of New World plants were there in Middle-earth, and how did they get there?”

In addition to all the on-site offerings, they have a huge selection of links to other Tolkien sites and info on the web. So whatever you’re looking for, you’re likely to find it in the Encyclopedia or their collection of links.

If you’re a fan of Tolkien’s work, you may want to drop by and spend a little while exploring. Have fun!

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Christian Fantasy News and Releases, September 2010

Fall’s onset always makes me think of Middle Earth and gives me an urge to journey with Frodo anew through the pages of Lord of the Rings. At any rate, a new month has arrived, bringing both autumn and a few Christian fantasy releases and news items I’d like to share. I hope you find something of interest!

September Releases:

Dragons of the Valley
by Donita K. Paul

With an invasion of her country imminent, Tipper Schope is drawn into a mission to keep three important statues from falling into the enemy’s clutches. Her friend, the artist Bealomondore, helps her execute the plan, and along the way he learns to brandish a sword rather than a paintbrush.

As odd disappearances and a rash of volatile behavior sweep Chiril, no one is safe. A terrible danger has made his vicious presence known: The Grawl, a hunter unlike any creature encountered before.

To restore their country, Tipper, Bealomondore, and their party must hide the statues in the Valley of the Dragons and find a way to defeat the invading army. When it falls to the artistic Bealomondore to wield his sword as powerfully and naturally as a paintbrush, will he answer Wulder’s call for a champion?

Masters and Slayers
by Bryan Davis

The dragons of Starlight have been enslaving humans for over a century. At long last, warrior Adrian Masters and sword maiden Marcelle vow to find the mysterious portal where the Lost Ones disappeared, hoping to rescue the slaves. Will they turn back when they learn that only the ultimate sacrifice can bring freedom to the oppressed?

The Skin Map
by Stephen Lawhead

Kit Livingstone’s great-grandfather has re-appeared with an unbelievable story–the ley lines throughout Britain are not merely the stuff of legends but truly are pathways to other worlds. So few people know how to use them, though, that doing so is fraught with danger.

But one explorer knew more than most. Because of his fear of being unable to find his way home, he developed an intricate code and tattooed his map onto his skin. But the map has since been lost and rival factions are in desperate competition to recover it. What none of them yet realize is that the skin map itself is not the prize at the end of this race . . . but merely the first goal of a vast and marvelous quest to regain Paradise.

Enter the ultimate treasure hunt–with a map made of skin, a playing field of alternate realities, and a prize that is the greatest mystery of all.

Sneak peak at some upcoming titles:

Zondervan will be releasing a beautiful leatherbound edition of the Chronicles of Narnia this fall. I’d love to get this one!

JS Lewis, a bestselling fantasy author, signed on to do a YA fantasy series with Thomas Nelson, the first of which will release December 2010. Get more information or visit the author’s site.

The Legends of Karac Tor, a fantasy series abruptly canceled by the closing of a publisher’s entire fiction line, may be about to get new life (thanks to Becky for sharing this). Keep an eye on the author’s facebook page for more information.

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Beauty and the Beast:
Origins and Variants (Part One of Four)

I’ve always had a fondness for fairy tales. They have richness beyond what is apparent if one only looks at the Disney or popular culture versions…and often portray spiritual truth, amid all their quirks and oddities. So for the next four Mondays, I’ll be taking a look at Beauty and the Beast—perhaps the most beloved of fairy tales and certainly a favorite of mine.

Most people have at least passing familiarity with Beauty and the Beast but may not realize it has countless adaptations and variations, so many that it received its own Aarne-Thompson subtype 425C (which falls into the broader category of “Supernatural or Enchanted Husbands”). Trying to pin down a single origin for a tale that has variants in almost every culture is a difficult task, but many scholars agree that the myth of Cupid and Psyche provided the root for the story of Beauty and the Beast, though I find that myth more similar to the tale East of the Sun, West of the Moon (which itself falls into greater category of “Supernatural or Enchanted Husbands” and has numerous forms of its own).

Regardless of the initial source, many cultures captured this tale in some form, but the story that supplied the versions of Beauty and the Beast we’re most familiar with was Madame Gabrielle de Villeneuve, a French woman who penned a novel length rendition of the tale in 1740. She intended her La Belle et La Bete for an adult audience, and it contained many subplots, lengthy dream sequences, and other additions. In 1756, Madame Le Prince de Beaumont adapted Villeneuve’s version into a novella, trimming out the extraneous material and focusing the story on the morality of Beauty…and of the Beast. From these two tales, new variants grew and flourished.

Though it plays out differently in the countless versions, the basic framework of the story usually remains the same. Beauty’s father breaks an unknown interdiction or in some other way manages to indebt himself to a beast, and in exchange promises his daughter to the Beast. Sometimes this is with the intent of giving her life in exchange for his own, other times with the intent of coming back and surrendering himself after he bids his family farewell, or the intent of sacrificing some other in her stead. Most times, Beauty insists upon surrendering herself to the Beast to save her father’s life, but regardless of her willingness or lack thereof, she ends up as the prisoner of the Beast. By her hand, the curse is broken and the Beast transforms back into his natural form, that of a human (often a prince).

As for the characters, elements of their nature may vary, but in traditional tales, their qualities of external beauty and beastliness remain the same. Sometimes the Beast acts heartless and fierce, at least at first, (The Little Nut Twig, Zelinda and the Monster, The Summer and Winter Garden), others he is kind and gentle, at least toward Beauty (Beaumont’s Beauty and the Beast, Jacob’s Beauty and the Beast). Some tales give him the form of a serpent (Basque Beauty and the Beast, The Fairy Serpent), others a great dog (The Small-Toothed Dog), a three-headed snake-like creature (The Enchanted Tsarevich), a lion-like hybrid animal (many versions), or any other monstrous form the human mind could conceive. In some tales, the Beast woos the Beauty the best he can by giving her everything her heart might desire (Beaumont’s Beauty and the Beast, Little Broomstick, The Scarlet Flower), in other tales he forces her to comply with his exact wishes (Little Nut Twig). Often he asks her to marry him, a request always denied until he is about to die, when Beauty voluntarily professes her love.

As for Beauty, sometimes she’s the daughter of a wealthy king (Basque Beauty and the Beast) or descended from royalty, but more often she’s the daughter of a merchant or nobleman who has lost his entire fortune  (Beaumont’s Beauty and the Beast, Zelinda and the Monster). At times, she’s well-educated and fond of books (Beaumont’s Beauty and the Beast) and she’s almost always cheerful and kind (The Clinking, Clanking Lowesleaf), the only one of her family to tolerate their fall from fortune (Beaumont’s Beauty and the Beast, Lang’s Beauty and the Beast).  In some versions, she’s the youngest of several daughters (three is a common number) and the elders despise her, in others she has sisters who hate her and brothers who love her (Villeneuve’s tale had her as the youngest of six boys and six girls!). In every old tale, she’s beautiful, but modern day adaptations often put a twist on this (as Robin McKinley did in her retelling, Beauty). Her requested object, which leads to the Beast’s fury and demand for recompense, might be a grape (The Bear Prince), a rose (Beaumont’s Beauty and the Beast), a lark (The Singing, Springing Lark), a flower (The Scarlet Flower)—or nothing it all (Beauty and the Horse). She almost always leaves the Beast at some point in the tale, with his permission and instruction to return, but sometimes she forgets about him, distracted by other things (The Summer and Winter Garden), other times it is the kindness and love she has toward her family (Lang’s Beauty and the Beast) or her family’s schemes (The Scarlet Flower) that prevents her from returning to him. But she’s usually good-hearted and eventually able to look past the beast’s ugly exterior and come to love him. By her doing, the curse is broken, whether through her agreeing to wed him (Lang’s Beauty and the Beast), declaring her love (The Scarlet Flower), or taking some other action (The Little Nut Twig, The Clinking, Clanking Lowesleaf) that ultimately results in his transformation.

While many of the story incidentals vary, quite a few of the core themes remain the same, and we’ll take a look at those in next week’s post. In the meantime, I hope you enjoy reading some of the tales included here!

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Of Goblins and Invisible Thread

As I re-read The Princess and the Goblin recently, I was struck by its most prominent theme—fear versus faith and trust. Throughout the tale, Princess Irene, Curdie, Lootie, and others face fearsome creatures and situations, and their responses dictate the outcome. Lootie responds in fear of the goblins as night falls and in her fright gets hopelessly lost, rescued only by Curdie’s timely arrival. Curdie, a miner boy, keeps a level head at all times, walking through dark mines and goblin-infested hillsides with confidence, chanting tunes that mock his fears…and hold them at bay. Princess Irene safely makes her way through the tunnels of the goblins by keeping her finger at all times on the invisible thread of moonlight woven for her by her grandmother, trusting her grandmother’s promise that it would lead her to safety, despite all evidence to the contrary. The characters simply and accurately depict the outcomes of responding in fear or responding in faith.

“It was foolish indeed—thus to run further and further from all who could help her, as if she had been seeking a fit spot for the goblin creature to eat her in at his leisure; but that is the way fear serves us: it always sides with the thing we are afraid of.”
George MacDonald, The Princess and the Goblin

I identify with the battle to choose confidence and trust rather than give in to fear. As a child, my vivid imagination gave life to many terrifying things, both things that were and things that were not, but seemed as real as life, and those fears were powerful enough to keep me awake in bed through long nights, muscles tensed and eyes wide open lest something sneak up on me in the dark. One of the keys to breaking the fear was a shift in focus, onto God, His Word, and His promises of protection. It didn’t work like a charm or magic cure-all, but in the disciplining of my mind, fear began to lose a foothold.

As I’ve grown and faced real-life fearsome situations head on, I’ve learned even more the importance of moving my attention from the things I fear onto God (just like Irene clinging to her invisible thread)…and every time He brings me through. Because looking to Him means He breathes confidence and boldness into my spirit and gives me the ability to trust Him, even if it is an act of over and over choosing to trust and to hold fast to that thread in moments of fear or pain.

This simple fairy tale reminded me of my journey into greater freedom from fear and of how I want to live—fearless and full of trust.

What about you? Have you read books that paralleled aspects of your life or spoke to you in some way? Or wrestled with fear and gained victory? Please share!

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August 2010 CSFF Tour Day 3: Foundling by DM Cornish

This month, the tour participants have highlighted numerous Christian fantasy favorites, several of which I have added to my reading list. Many paid tribute to Lewis and Tolkien, who have deeply impacted most fantasy readers/writers (myself included), while others have featured lesser known, but still worthy, books. If you haven’t visited some of the other tour stops yet, I encourage you to do so.

Now on to faith in Foundling. In an interview over at the Enchanted Inkpot
(which I highly recommend reading to learn more about the author and the series), DM Cornish shares a little about faith in his books, “I think that there can be a perhaps artificial notion that we ought to write what I think C.S. Lewis termed “nice Christian books.” I have certainly been asked more than once  when I might write a proper “Christian” book, to which my answer is that I have written a Christian book – I am a Christian and I have written a book. There seems to me to also be a prevailing belief that God does not like us, that he wants us to be someone else, that he frowns on us and says not “good enough”, that we are supposed to write/create things . During the years of initial invention I laboured under the notion that the Lord disapproved of what I was doing, that my passion for it was what is (I believe erroneously) termed “idolatry.” Yet in the unfolding “accident” of my publisher discovering my ideas, of all the “accidents” that lead to this, I found the Lord saying that he very much approves of the Half-Continent and all its denizens.”

Certainly, in Foundling (I cannot speak to the others in the series as yet) there is no allegory, no direct mention of spirituality at all—it’s more like Middle Earth in that regard than Narnia. But the Christian worldview bleeds through in the structures of his world, the nature of his characters, and the themes he tackles.

Personally, I enjoy all ends of the spectrum of faith in fantasy, from allegory to symbolism to thematic material. Each story demands different treatment (look at Till We Have Faces versus The Chronicles of Narnia, both by Lewis), and all have value and impact.

In addition, I think Cornish touches on another important aspect of writing or any creative endeavor—God’s approval of our creativity. I would go a step further to say that God not only approves, but He delights in our creativity, the imagination that He placed in us put to work in a way that reflects Him. Certainly creativity can be misused and abused in such a manner that it fails to honor God, but in the life of a believer, one walking with the Spirit, our craftsmanship, creativity, and imagination are pleasing to Him. In fact, we’re being faithful to use the gifts he placed within us, rather than neglecting them. I’m most likely preaching to the choir, but I think it is so important to understand our creativity in relation to God and how it both honors and pleases Him.

So enjoy reading the many creative works shared by members of this tour!

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August 2010 CSFF Blog Tour Day 2: Foundling by DM Cornish

As DM Cornish’s books have different publishers in the US, UK, and AUS/NZ (at least the best that I can tell), he’s acquired a variety of cover art with each edition. It’s fascinating to see how each publisher packaged the book. Here’s a look at the different faces of the Monster Blood Tattoo series:

Row 1: UK covers
Row 2: First US covers
Row 3: Second US covers
Row 4: AUS/NZ covers
Because the US covers were redesigned before the release of the third novel, there is no cover for Factotum in the first US style. And I could not locate the AUS version of Foundling, though I’d be interested to see it.

As a reader, which would you be most inclined to pick up? Do any jump out at you? Do any immediately turn you off?

I found the second set of US covers the most attractive, but they fail to reflect the uniqueness of the story or setting.  If measuring which best depicts the books, I might choose the first set of US covers, though the others convey story elements as well. However, the Australia editions are thick lovely hardcovers (pictured here), so if there was a way to get my hands on them, I most certainly would!

So what makes a good book cover? And why would each publisher choose something different? In my opinion, the best covers capture the essence of the book and appeal to the target audience. Both these elements are quite subjective, and the attempt to portray something of the story as well as make it appeal to individuals with different cultural backgrounds might explain the variety offered here. Usually writers have little say in their book cover designs, but since DM Cornish is an artist as well as an author (his drawings appear on the first set of US covers), I wonder if they gave his input a little more weight. Either way, he ended up with well-done covers in all editions, though some appeal to me more than others.

What do you think? Please weigh in with your opinions and stop by on Wednesday for more discussion!

TOUR LINKS:
Brandon Barr
Thomas Clayton Booher
Keanan Brand
Grace Bridges
Beckie Burnham
Morgan L. Busse
Jeff Chapman
CSFF Blog Tour
Stacey Dale
D. G. D. Davidson
Jeff Draper
George Duncan
April Erwin
Andrea Graham
Tori Greene
Ryan Heart
Timothy Hicks
Becky Jesse
Jason Joyner
Julie
Carol Keen
Krystine Kercher
Mike Lynch
Rebecca LuElla Miller
New Authors Fellowship
John W. Otte
Donita K. Paul
Chawna Schroeder
James Somers
Speculative Faith
Rachel Starr Thomson
Steve Trower
Jason Waguespac
Fred Warren
Dona Watson
Phyllis Wheeler
KM Wilsher

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August 2010 CSFF Blog Tour Day 1: Foundling by DM Cornish

Welcome to the August Christian Science Fiction and Fantasy (CSFF) blog tour! I’m jumping in for the first time this month and our feature will be not any one book, but a favorite book or author shared by each blogger, so be sure to check out the links at the bottom of the post for more CSFF goodness.  The key word here is a favorite, since for an avid reader choosing just one favorite book might be akin to choosing one favorite child. So as I considered books from my list of favorites, Foundling by DM Cornish popped out as an excellent one to feature.

Rather than add a formal review to the abundant number already on the web (check the author’s blog sidebar or Amazon, if you are interested in a few), I thought I’d share a bit about what stands out to me now, several months after reading the book— Foundling provides a feast for the imagination in everything from the world to the quirky characters that inhabit it.

Half-Continent, the backdrop for the story, almost becomes a character in itself, it so lives and breathes. Thrust into the midst of this vast land is Rossamünd, a naïve, sheltered orphan who enters the wild and wonderful Half-Continent alongside the reader. Rossamünd dreams of becoming a vinegroon and sailing the Vinegar Seas, despite the risks of an occupation surrounded by liquid so acerbic that it erodes the skin. Instead, he ends up on a journey across land where he encounters monsters of all shapes and sizes, lahzars, who endure the transmogrification process and all its risks for the powers they will gain, leers, who use bio-chemical enhancements to alter their sensory abilities…and so much more.

Even the series name Monster Blood Tattoo hints at the nature of the world we find ourselves in, springing from the Half-Continent custom that those who kill monsters tattoo themselves with the blood of each one they slay. Which leads to one of the pivotal story questions: which are more monstrous, the beasts or humans that inhabit Rossamünd’s world? Journey with him and find out.

For the lavishly creature world alone, the book is worth the read, but it offers much more to provoke the imagination. This first book sets the backdrop for the series, richly painting the world and its inhabitants, inviting us to care for Rossamünd as he begins to experience unfamiliar challenges, and setting the stage for the next books. I’m now waiting impatiently for the release of Factotum (the concluding book of the trilogy), so I can enjoy the final two books back-to-back.

To learn more about the books, drop back in Tuesday for a look at the covers of the many different editions and what they say about the story and Wednesday for a discussion of various Monster Blood Tattoo topics, including what makes the book “Christian.”

TOUR LINKS:
Brandon Barr
Thomas Clayton Booher
Keanan Brand
Grace Bridges
Beckie Burnham
Morgan L. Busse
Jeff Chapman
CSFF Blog Tour
Stacey Dale
D. G. D. Davidson
Jeff Draper
George Duncan
April Erwin
Andrea Graham
Tori Greene
Ryan Heart
Timothy Hicks
Becky Jesse
Jason Joyner
Julie
Carol Keen
Krystine Kercher
Mike Lynch
Rebecca LuElla Miller
New Authors Fellowship
John W. Otte
Donita K. Paul
Chawna Schroeder
James Somers
Speculative Faith
Rachel Starr Thomson
Steve Trower
Jason Waguespac
Fred Warren
Dona Watson
Phyllis Wheeler
KM Wilsher

And one more note: if you’re a fan of Christian Speculative Fiction, you may want to drop by and vote in the Clive Staples Award for your favorites (a prerequisite for voting is that you have read at least two titles in the running).

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Mythic Creatures: The Unicorn

Dragons, sea-monsters, griffins—all these populate various fantastic realms, providing one enduring characteristic of fantasy, its unusual creatures. They may be fearsome, endearing, or bizarre, but they all add color and flavor to fantasy worlds and spark our imaginations with what isn’t…but could be. So in my periodic posts on mythic creatures, I intend to offer highlights on common as well as lesser known animals, assembling a fantastic bestiary.

Name: Unicorn

Appearance: In the medieval era, the unicorn took on its modern form: horse-like with a long spiral horn emerging from its forehead, strong yet elegant in appearance, often white in color and always beautiful. However, in earlier eras, people described unicorns as animals with the body of a deer, cloven hooves, a goat’s beard, and a lion’s tail. They might be colored red, white, or black, with horns of varying shades. A similar creature in Eastern tradition (the qilin/kirin) possessed a coat of scales and a lion-like head from which a single horn protruded.

Unique qualities and traits: Much of the unicorn’s legendary abilities came from its horn, known as an alicorn. The alicorn supposedly possessed powerful medicinal qualities, so during the Middle Ages, enterprising individuals sold narwhal horns as unicorn horns, which people ground up and used as an antidote for poison or a treatment for any kind of disease, or fashioned into a cup which would prevent poisoning. With a reputation of power and discernment, unicorns were believed impossible to capture, except by a virgin, whose purity would allure them, often to their deaths. They came to symbolize purity and chivalry, power and royalty and even made their way into heraldry of the time.

Quick facts:

  • If a maiden tried to deceive a unicorn, he would run her through with his horn.
  • When wind blew across the alicorn of a Shadhavar (Persian unicorn), it produced a flute-like melody.
  • The King James Version of the Bible translates the Hebrew word re’em as unicorn.

Sources from myth and legend: No widely-held mythology exists to chronicle the origins of unicorns. In fact, unicorns were one of the few mythical creatures strongly believed to be real, perhaps inspired by other single-horned creatures. Greek historians, convinced of the legitimacy of unicorns, documented them not in mythology, but in natural history, and Julius Caesar, Alexander the Great, and others in ancient history, told of witnessing them. It was not until the Middle Ages that legends concerning the unicorn became common. The unicorn makes a cameo appearance in Grimms tale, The Valiant Little Tailor, where the perception of power being in the horn is maintained, but the unicorn is portrayed in a rather negative light. In contrast, in The Fair Maid and the Snow White Unicorn, a Scottish legend, the unicorn serves as a friend and companion to a lovely maiden. And most of modern literature depicts unicorns in a positive way, as seen in The Last Battle, where CS Lewis portrays Jewel the Unicorn as a loyal friend, a lordly and noble beast, and a fearsome warrior.

Overview: As a mythical creature, the unicorn has several unique qualities—one, the wide-held belief in its reality, and two, the perception of it as a good creature, not a threat or danger to humans, unlike many other mythic beasts. Over time, it evolved greatly from its origins as a powerful animal with a fierce and noble nature into a more meek and gentle beast. While I wouldn’t go so far as to claim they once existed, I see little compelling reason why they couldn’t have (minus the magical properties, of course).

Your opinions: What do you think—did unicorns ever exist? Or are they pure myth?

What mythic creatures particularly appeal to you? Are there any you would like to see featured here?

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5 Free Christian Fantasy Novels

Check out these classic Christian fantasy novels, available for free.

Phantastes
by George MacDonald

Book description (from Borders):
Described by MacDonald as ‘a faerie romance for men and women,’ Phantastes tells the tale of Anodos, a young man who one morning wakes up to find himself in the dreamlike landscape of faerie. Through the landscape he must travel, facing malevolent tree-spirits and fighting giants, dogged all the time by his shadow-self and eventually reaching a climactic act of valour, self-sacrifice and redemption. On his journey he is inspired by a mysterious white lady, befriended by knights and given strength by the ‘old woman with the young eyes.’ Phantastes is a tale about selfishness and self-sacrifice, pride and humility, about friendship and fear. Above all it is a novel about death – good death – death which is really the start of life.

The Princess and the Goblin
by George MacDonald

Book description (from Borders):
Princess Irene lives in a castle in a wild and lonely mountainous region. One day she discovers a steep and winding stairway leading to a bewildering labyrinth of unused passages with closed doors – and a further stairway. What lies at the top? Can the ring the princess is given protect her against the lurking menace of the goblins from under the mountain?

The Princess and Curdie
by George MacDonald

Book description (from Borders):
The Princess and Curdie are back in this sequel to The Princess and the Goblin. Princess Irene and Curdie are a year or two older, and must overthrow a set of corrupt ministers who are poisoning Irene’s father, the king. Irene’s grandmother is also back and she gives Curdie a strange gift and a monster called Lina to help him on his quest. A wonderful tale of adventure and courage.

The Man Who Was Thursday
by GK Chesterton

Book description (from Borders)
G. K. Chesterton’s surreal masterpiece is a psychological thriller that centers on seven anarchists in turn-of-the-century London who call themselves by the names of the days of the week. Chesterton explores the meanings of their disguised identities in what is a fascinating mystery and, ultimately, a spellbinding allegory.

The Napoleon of Notting Hill
by GK Chesterton

Book description (from Borders):
A comical futurist fantasy, first published in 1904, about a tradition-loving suburban London community of the 1980s at war with its modernizing neighbors. Chesterton’s splendid storytelling gifts, his love of medievalism and heroism, and his sympathies for the plight of small nations trying to remain independent are strongly in evidence.

For those unfamiliar with these authors, I’ll share a little backstory. A 19th century minister and writer, George MacDonald penned some of the earliest fantasy novels with Christian undertones (though his theology in some areas falls short of Scripture). His works inspired CS Lewis, Madeline L’Engle, and many other noted writers. GK Chesterton wrote in a slightly later era in a variety of genres, but the two titles included here fall into the fantasy category. A deep thinker and prolific author, Chesterton wrote fiction, poetry, apologetics, and philosophical works and ardently supported the value of fairy tales and fantasy. Between the two of them, they provided a launching point for the next generation of Christian fantasy writers: Lewis, Tolkien, Williams, and so on.

If you’ve read either author, what do you think of his works? If you haven’t, do any of these mentioned interest you?

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Underground Cities

A man steps through the wall and enters a long-hidden city, concealed in stone beneath the crust of the earth. Surely such a tale belongs to the realm of fantasy. Yet it happened in our world, and more than once.

In the 1960s, a man in Derinkuyu, Turkey planned to expand his cave home, only to find, upon breaking through the wall a mysterious room, carved from rock. One hidden room would be fantastic enough, but this led to the discovery of an underground city, a network of corridors, chapels, stables, kitchens, wine and oil presses, bedchambers and storage rooms. Derinkuyu’s underground city has vast dimensions, capable of holding up to 50,000 people. Its eight levels (possibly eleven, but only eight explored thus far) may not compare to the Mines of Moria in intricacy of design of beauty, but vaulted ceilings stretching up to ten feet in the chapel, massive round doors of stone—weighing between 400 and 1000 pounds each—and long staircases all reflect skilled craftsmanship.

Incredibly, similar underground labyrinths sprawl under miles of territory in the Cappadocia region of Turkey. Some estimate one hundred distinct cities, others more, only a handful of which have been explored. Ozkonak, one of the better known cities, like Derinkuyu, owes its discovery to a local landowner. Bewildered by the mysterious run off of his crop water, he investigated and found an underground room. Further excavation revealed a ten-level underground city, replete with ingenious defensive features, complex ventilation networks, and water systems. These cities, along with many others in the region, contained everything necessary for thousands of people to live and work for months at a time, serving as refuges from enemies, and in several eras, dwellings for persecuted Christians.

Despite offering everything needed to live underground, these cities were not used as permanent residences. Evidently humans don’t take to living underground quite as well as dwarves, even with all the necessities provided for!

Would you be able to endure living underground, with no sunlight, no moonglow, no wind on your face? Would it make a difference if your surroundings were spectacularly beautiful, like the Mines of Moria before their downfall, or more rustic, like the real-life underground cities in Cappadocia?

Image 1: Frank Kovalchek. Image 2: BelvedereQueen.

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